The Extend of Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients With Severe Influenza Pneumonia: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

The Extend of Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients With Severe Influenza Pneumonia: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Crit Care Med. 2021 Feb 15;:

Authors: Coste A, Frérou A, Raute A, Couturaud F, Morin J, Egreteau PY, Blanc FX, Reignier J, Tadié JM, Tran A, Pronier C, Coste-Burel M, Nevez G, Gangneux JP, Le Pape P, Ansart S, Tonnelier JM, Bretonnière C, Aubron C

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency and prognosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia.
DESIGN: Retrospective multicenter cohort study.
SETTING: Five French ICUs.
PATIENTS: Patients with influenza admitted to ICU between 2009 and 2018.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 524 patients admitted for severe influenza diagnosed with a positive airway reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test, 450 (86%) required mechanical ventilation. A lower respiratory tract sample yielded with Aspergillus (Asp+) in 28 patients (5.3%). Ten patients (1.9%) were diagnosed with putative or proven invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, based on the validated AspICU algorithm. A multivariate model was built to identify independent risk factors for Aspergillus-positive pulmonary culture. Factors independently associated with Aspergillus-positive culture were liver cirrhosis (odds ratio = 6.7 [2.1-19.4]; p < 0.01), hematologic malignancy (odds ratio = 3.3 [1.2-8.5]; p = 0.02), Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype (odds ratio = 3.9 [1.6-9.1]; p < 0.01), and vasopressor requirement (odds ratio = 4.1 [1.6-12.7]; p < 0.01). In-hospital mortality of Asp+ patients was 36% versus 21% in patients without Aspergillus-positive pulmonary culture (p = 0.09).
CONCLUSIONS: In this large retrospective multicenter cohort of critically ill patients, putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis according to AspICU algorithm was a relatively rare complication of influenza. Patients at higher risk of Aspergillus pulmonary colonization included those with liver cirrhosis, hematologic malignancy, H1N1pdm09 influenza A virus, and requiring vasopressors. Our results provide additional data on the controversial association between severe influenza and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Reaching a consensual definition of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis becomes mandatory and confers further prospective research.

PMID: 33591000 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

Source: Industry